EBCOG Part 1-Fetal Medicine

1.With regards to the soft marker echogenic bowel on ultrasound scan:

A It is associated with cardiac abnormality in fetus

B It is associated with bowel obstruction in the baby

C It is associated with Huntington’s disease

D It is associated with intrauterine fetal death

E It is associated with cystic fibrosis

2.With regards to anencephaly:

A It can be diagnosed as early as 11 weeks of gestation by ultrasound scan

B The characteristic feature in the first trimester is the absence of calvaria or vault of skull

C The cerebral hemispheres are in direct contact with amniotic fluid

D It is associated with post-dated pregnancy

E It is a non-lethal anomaly of the fetus

3. With regards to spina bifida (SB):

A It is diagnosed reliably during the dating scan in the first trimester

B It is associated with Arnold–Chiari malformations

C A banana sign is seen with encephalocele but not with Arnold–Chiari malformation

D A lemon sign is seen with Arnold–Chiari malformation

E The incidence has decreased with the recommended intake of folic acid during the first trimester of pregnancy

4.With regards to ventriculomegaly in the fetus:

A It is detected in 10% of pregnancies

B It is diagnosed when the anterior ventricle is >20 mm

C It may be associated with intraventricular haemorrhage

D It may be associated with infection

E It may be associated with chromosomal abnormalities

5.Dandy–Walker syndrome:

A Is associated with the presence of a posterior fossa cyst which is not

continuous with the fourth ventricle

B Is associated with the absence of the cerebellar vermis situated below the fourth ventricle

C Is not associated with chromosomal abnormalities such as aneuploidy

D Is associated with hydrocephalus

E Can be inherited as an autosomal dominant condition

6.With regards to congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection:

A It is the most common cause of congenital viral infection

B Only primary infection is transmitted to the fetus but not secondary infection

C Ninety per cent of the fetuses are affected when the mother suffers primary infection

D It is said to be the leading cause of cardiac defects in childhood

E Ninety per cent of the infants with congenital infection do not exhibit any symptoms

7. Toxoplasma infection:

A Is acquired by ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat

B Is acquired by ingestion of infectious oocysts excreted by cats

C Can infect the fetus in all trimesters

D Can cause ventriculomegaly

E Can cause microcephaly

8. With regards to CMV infection during pregnancy:

A There is a 2% risk of fetal transmission of infection with recurrent maternal infection

B The incidence of primary maternal infection during pregnancy is around 10%

C It infects 40% of fetuses if maternal infection occurs in the first and second trimesters

D It infects all fetuses when maternal infection occurs in the third trimester

E With recurrent maternal infection, the vertical transmission rate is >50%

9.With regards to parvovirus infection and pregnancy:

A It has a predilection towards erythroid precursors

B The incubation period is 10–21 days

C In adults, the infection is frequently subclinical

D Children may present with fifth disease

E It can cause immune hydrops in the fetus

10. With regards to rubella infection and pregnancy:

A The incubation period is 14–21 days

B It occurs in 1–2% of women of reproductive age

C The earlier the infection during pregnancy, the higher the risk of fetal damage

D The risk of fetal infection and damage is highest in the third trimester

E Termination of pregnancy should be considered if maternal infection occurs in the first trimester